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Object |
Corresponds roughly to the class of ordinary objects. Examples include normal physical objects, geographical regions, and locations of Processes, the complement of Objects in the Physical class. In a 4D ontology, an Object is something whose spatiotemporal extent is thought of as dividing into spatial parts roughly parallel to the time-axis.
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ArtificialIntelligenceAgent | An AutonomousAgent realized in software whose behavior involves autonomous decision-making, either through trained machine-learning models or rule-based reasoning, without per-decision human input. Examples include large language models, reinforcement-learning agents, neural and rule-based fuzzers, static and dynamic analysis tools that issue findings, and automated code reviewers. An ArtificialIntelligenceAgent engages in Sensing to receive environmental input and acts on that input through subsequent Processes; this is the engineering sense of agent-environment interaction characterized in Russell and Norvig, Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach. An ArtificialIntelligenceAgent is not an Organization (it is not a collective of Humans). Under the current scientific consensus an ArtificialIntelligenceAgent does not possess Perception or ConsciousnessAttribute and is therefore not a SentientAgent; this commitment is encoded as a disjointness axiom below and may be revised if future AutonomousAgent instances of this class are demonstrated to possess perception and consciousness in the senses defined elsewhere in this ontology. For purposes of accountability and fault, an ArtificialIntelligenceAgent's actions attribute to the Human or Organization that operates it (see operator). The definition aligns with NIST AI Risk Management Framework (AI 100-1) section 2.1 and ISO/IEC 42001:2023 section 3. |
| | AutomatedSystem | An automated system is the agent of an AutomatedProcess. 'Automated' simply means that actions can be carried out by something other than a CognitiveAgent. |
| | AutonomousMobileRobot | An AutonomousMobileRobot (AMR) is a type of robot. Among other possible activities, it can at least navigate in an uncontrolled environment without the need for physical or electro_mechanical guidance device. AMRs use a sophisticated set of sensors and cameras, aritificial intelligence,machine learning algorithms to compute for path planning to intepret and navigate through their environment.[Wikipedia] |
| | CommercialAgent | An AutonomousAgent that provides products and/ or services for a fee with the aim of making a profit. |
| | Employer | A person or firm that employs workers. |
| | GeopoliticalArea | Any GeographicArea which is associated with some sort of political structure. This class includes LandArea, Cities, districts of cities, counties, etc. Note that the identity of a GeopoliticalArea may remain constant after a change in borders. |
| | Group | A CollectionOfObjects of Agents, e.g. a flock of sheep, a herd of goats, or the local Boy Scout troop. |
| | ITAgent | agent capable of performing ITProcess |
| | Organism | Generally, a living individual, including all Plants and Animals. |
| | Organization | An Organization is a corporate or similar institution. The members of an Organization typically have a common purpose or function. Note that this class also covers divisions, departments, etc. of organizations. For example, both the Shell Oil Corporation and the accounting department at Shell would both be instances of Organization. Note too that the existence of an Organization is dependent on the existence of at least one member (since Organization is a subclass of CollectionOfObjects). Accordingly, in cases of purely legal organizations, a fictitious member should be assumed. |
| | SentientAgent | A SentientAgent is an AutonomousAgent that is capable of Perception and experiences some level of consciousness (see ConsciousnessAttribute). If the AutonomousAgent is able to reason at a comparatively high level (evinced by the ability to learn, plan, and feel emotions), then it is also an instance of CognitiveAgent. A DomesticAnimal is a SentientAgent, but may or may not be a CognitiveAgent, depending on the type of Animal. |